Where l is the length of the thread, h is length of hook, r is radius of bob. A simple pendulum is defined to have an object that has a small mass, also known as the pendulum bob, which is suspended from a light wire or string, such as shown in figure 1. The time taken for one complete oscillation is called the period. Equipment and setup for this experiment you will need a ti calculator with the vernier physics program loaded, a cbl unit, a motion detector, and a pendulum. The role of the pendulum in tertiary physics studies. The mass at the end of the string was held constant at 200 g. Here we also collect all the equations that will be used in the analysis of the data. Simple pendulum and properties of simple harmonic motion.
Pdf analysis of simple pendulum experiment using a pc. The goal of this experiment was to determine the effect of mass and length on the period of oscillation of a simple pendulum. A simple pendulum consists of a mass m hanging on the end of light string of length l. Theory tells us that the behavior of a simple pendulum can be.
Given my previous knowledge, i know that a pendulum behaves in an oscillating manner, meaning that the acceleration is always proportional to the negative distance. Measurement of acceleration due to gravity g by a compound. Experiment conservation of mechanical energy simple. Its a fairly simple experiment, which is then repeated in form of. The gravitational acceleration, g, was also determined from the experiment. The period, t, of an object in simple harmonic motion is defined as the time for one. The bar can be hung from any one of these holes allowing us to change the location of the pivot. A phenomenology of galileos experiments with pendulums. In this experiment see figure 1, the motion of the pendulum is measured by the rotary motion sensor. Measurement of moment of inertia of different bodies and proof of parallel axis theorem.
This goal of this experiment was to determine an experimental value for g using the simple pendulum equation and measuring the period against varying lengths of string. The simple pendulum 1032014 page 4 you can compute g from the period of the pendulum and the length of the string. In this lab we will establish the relationship between the period and the length of the pendulum by measuring the period for di ering lengths. The simple pendulum is a mass hanging from the end of a string which is connected above in such a way to allow the mass to swing freely. Simple pendulum experiment physics practical class 11. From the graph of t2 against l, the final experimental value of g was found to be 9. In this experiment, we will investigate the dependence of the period of the oscillation on l and g. This theorem will be verified in the experiment with a flat circular disk as an example. Measurement of youngs modulus by bending of beam method. In a simple harmonic motion, acceleration is directed towards. The period, p, is the time it takes for the mass to swing from its initial amplitude, across the vertical line. Iv if you arent comfortable with partial derivatives. A simple pendulum consists of a relatively small in dimension mass on the end of a string, so. A simple pendulum consists of a small bob suspended by a light massless string of length l fixed at its upper end.
Tn this regime, the assumption that the time period is independent of the initial pendulum breaks down. The simple pendulum 7302008 page 1 experiment 5 the simple pendulum reading. The time period of a simple pendulum of length l, is given by 6. To measure the acceleration due to gravity using a simple pendulum. If we suspend a mass at the end of a piece of string, we. When displaced to an initial angle, and released, the pendulum will swing back and forth with.
To design and perform experiments that show what factors, or parameters, affect the time required for one oscillation of a compact mass attached to a light string a simple pendulum. The time that it takes to make one complete oscillation is defined as the period t. Using a pendulum to teach experiment design and error. The restorative force of a pendulum is the part of. In this experiment, your job is to test equations that describe the motion of a simple pendulum. Our goal is to determine for what initial displacement. This experiment has been described in great detail in nelson and olsson 1. Physics laboratory to provide training in these issues. The period of a pendulum was used for centuries as an accurate timekeeper. The length is measured from the pivot point to the center of mass of the bob. When the mass is deflected from its equilibrium, it oscillates back and forth. A simple pendulum consists of a mass m hanging on the end of light string of length. A 6 kg bowling ball is hung from a spring of unstretched length 0. Using a pendulum to teach experiment design and error analysis.
When the mass is deflected from its equilibrium, it oscillates. A student performs experiment with simple pendulum and. Simple harmonic motion, oscillations, wavelength, frequency, period, hookes law. W e pick a new point mass for analysis from the t r ack sub menu. A simple pendulum consists of a bob suspended by a light massless string of length l fixed at its upper end. Simple pendulum, period, simple harmonic motion, gravitational acceleration. The force that keeps the pendulum bob constantly moving toward its equilibrium position is the force of gravity acting on the bob. To investigate simple harmonic motion using a simple pendulum and an oscillating spring. A student performs experiment with simple pendulum and measures time for 10 vibrations, measures a time for 100 vibrations, the relative er in measurements of time period will be reduced by 1 10% 2 90% 3 100% 4 %. Functions experiment pendulum introduction equipment and setup. The actual experiment is based on the simple pendulum. Appendix c objective to investigate simple harmonic motion using a simple pendulum and an oscillating spring. Introduction to the software the experimental apparatus consists of two, nearly identical, simple pendulums, as.
Repeat the entire experiment for the second pendulum bob. I will be investigating the effect of the length of a pendulum s string on the time for the period of that pendulum. This experiment may be used as a final experiment to wrap up the study of mechanics. But this only works for small angles, about 5 or so. Simple pendulum motion can be demonstrated by a pointlike mass called a bob on the end of a string. Equation 1 indicates that the period and length of the pendulum are directly proportional. Insert the lab post into the table and clamp the pendulum apparatus to this post. Simple pendulum, stopwatch, vernier calipers and meterscale. It is important to always use the same mass in the experiment and to also be able to change the length of the string. The motion of the hanged mass is harmonic, it swings back and forth at a constant amplitude. It requires a force probe at the point of support, which is made free to rotate with the swinging of the pendulum and a position sensor to look at the motion of the pendulum bob.
Experiment 4 the simple pendulum msu pa welcome page. Another element to the experiments is to work with error analysis. The threads mass is negligible and it is free to vibrate without friction. Pendulum bob and string, pendulum clamp, aluminum pole, large clamp, stopwatch, and meter stick. Investigating the effect of string length on pendulum. The time for one complete oscillation is called the period time of the simple pendulum. Simple pendulum and properties of simple harmonic motion, virtual lab purpose 1. Assemble the pendulum by attaching the top end of the string to the pendulum clamp and attaching the pendulum bob to the lower end.
The height, h, of the pendulum bob is calculated using the angle. Balance, 1meter string, 2pendulum bobs, lab post, pendulum apparatus. Equipment balance, 1meter string, 2 pendulum bobs, lab post, pendulum apparatus, timer w gate. The results of this experiment are in close agreement with theory. A simple pendulum is a small object that is suspended at the end of a string. A simple pendulum consists of a mass, m hanging from a string of length, l and fixed at a pivot point p.
A stationary pendulum has its string in a vertical position with the bob hanging straight down. The time period of a simple pendulum of length l, is given by 6 2 e a u 6 comparing with eq. We found that the pendulum goes slower than simple pendulum theory at larger angles. Many things in nature wiggle in a periodic fashion. The length of the string is large compared to the dimensions of the bob. The simple pendulum executes simple harmonic motion shm as the acceleration of the pendulum bob is directly proportional to its displacement from the mean. You may need several measurements, or measurement strategies, to. Trajectory of simple pendulum seen as simple harmonic w ave time period calculation. Simple means that almost all of the systems mass can be assumed to be concentrated at a point in the object. To design and perform experiments that show what factors, or parameters, affect the time. Compound pendulum a compound pendulum also known as a physical pendulum consists of a rigid body oscillating about a pivot.
Determining the acceleration due to gravity with a simple. The time period of a simple pendulum of length l, is given by. The coupled pendulum experiment dalhousie university. Study the position, velocity and acceleration graphs for a simple harmonic oscillator sho. When we solve newtons 2nd law for a simple pendulum, in the small angle approximation, we get t 0. Settles groundbreaking reconstruction of the inclined plane experiment takes a di. We will use a metal bob of mass, m, hanging on an inextensible and light string of length, l, as a simple pendulum as shown in figure 1.
We applied the regression analysis techniques to the data obtained from a simple pendulum experiment. To determine the local acceleration of gravity by a different method and to investigate the relationship between the length of a pendulum and its oscillation period. Chapter 8 simple harmonic motion 8 simple harmonic. From our experiment, i conclude that the period of a pendulum depends on length primarily and agrees with the theory that says for a simple pendulum. Chapter 8 simple harmonic motion 8 simple harmonic motion. T period, or the length of time it takes for the pendulum to swing back and forth once. We will use a metal bob of mass, m, hanging on an inextensible and light string of length, l, as a simple pendulum.
The bifilar pendulum can be suspended in any desired position vertical or horizontal and the distance between the strings can be altered by means of screws provided at the rigid support. Pdf work focused on the simulation design built on the internet school experimental system ises as embedded in remote experiment simple pendulum. The simple pendulum 8202007 page 1 experiment 5 the simple pendulum reading. Exploring the simple pendulum a bit further, we can discover the conditions under which it performs simple harmonic motion, and we can derive an interesting expression. The period, t, of an object in simple harmonic motion is defined as the time for one complete cycle. The objective of the experiment was to show that the period of oscillation for a pendulum is independent of the mass of the bob. L length of the pendulum, measured from the post to the center of the bob.
This experiment uses a uniform metallic bar with holesslots cut down the middle at regular intervals. Whilst you should aim to meet all the cpac during experimental work, we choose to formally. To use a simple pendulum in an appropriate manner to determine the local acceleration of gravity. Investigating the effect of string length on pendulum period. Attach the pendulum apparatus to the lab post and suspend the pendulum bob. Our data consist of a series of combinations of different variables, weight, length, angle. To determine the acceleration due to gravity g using a simple pendulum. The simple pendulum is one of the first experiment that physics students do in higher secondary. It behaves in an oscillating manner, meaning that the acceleration is always proportional to the negative distance. Pdf modelling of the simple pendulum and it is numerical.
1303 1662 1441 1152 1630 1137 984 305 1278 575 235 881 738 545 773 47 10 183 1169 304 1316 891 1342 332 1401 16 1407 541 601 1316 827 579 1199 1177 769 555